Introduction to Business Law Business Mortgage

Question: Portray about the Introduction to Business Law for Business Mortgage. Answer: The three lawful issues that have been brought up for this situation are- Regardless of whether the assurance and the home loan, given by Amadios, were not enforceable due to the unconscionable lead of the Commercial Bank of Australia. The issue that emerged in the court was whether the underwriters were limited by the agreement of assurance considering the conditions wherein they checked it. The third issue emerged that whether there was any distortion made by the Commercial Bank of Australia (Aust Lii, 1983). The three ends which were made by the redrafting court were: There was an unconscionable lead on part of the bank. This was the primary end on which, the bank had bounced (Brisbane Lawyers, 2016). The subsequent end was that the bank had the obligation to unveil the full realities to the Amadios and there was the point at which the Bank distorted. Amadios felt that their risk was repaired till $50000. The Bank realized that the Amadios were not all that evaluated and furthermore that their children business was not prospering. As it has been expressed in different cases, the bank is under no commitment to unveil the realities to the guarantee. It is on the grounds that there is no agreement between the guarantee and the Bank. Truth be told, the Bank would penetrate its commitment of keeping up the privacy of the data about the client for a situation it reveals any of the realities. Be that as it may, the Bank is under an obligation to uncover the real factors, if the bank has made any unique game plan with the client, which the guarantee can't anticipate sensible or characteristic. In the current case, there was a course of action made between the client and the Bank. It was with respect to the influence in the doling out of as far as possible. Consequently, in this the Bank was subject for distortion and ought to have uncovered with respect to this course of action (ACL, 2016). The two realities that convinced Justice Gibbs to go onto the end that the bank had distorted by not revealing the realities are- Right off the bat, the Bank didn't reveal the negligible reality that there was an extraordinary game plan made between the bank and Vincenzo. The extraordinary course of action was made so as to clear all the overdrafts. A quick overdraft limit was to be given. This breaking point would be decreased in a week and further, it would be tidied up. The second certainty which was expressed by him was that the Bank had not just shamed the checks rather they themselves turned into involved with their specific disrespect. The Bank wore a shroud and hoodwinked the underwriters with respect to the success of the organization. The proportion that was given by Mr. Gibbs was that the appealing party that is the Bank ought not succeed, as they had made a deception to the respondent that is Amadios. It was expressed by him that the onus of evidence should fall on the Bank, as the Bank would need to demonstrate that the buy was reasonable and sensible and that the direct of the Bank couldn't be pardoned as the respondents were poor and uninformed. In this way, there was a nonattendance of free exhortation (Zhang, 2013).Therefore, the Bank was under a commitment to unveil all the material realities. Equity Mason expressed that there was an unconscionable lead with respect to the Commercial Bank of Australia. He gave the judgment on the way that the Bank had opposed the principles of value and great still, small voice so as to increase an advantage under the exchange. The Bank exploited a guiltless gathering who was in a second rate position to that of the Bank and who additionally because of absence of any autonomous and deliberate will couldn't take its very own choice. As indicated by him, there was a gross disparity of the intensity of bartering between the two gatherings in the given case. The judgment given by Justice Mason was not the same as the judgment given by Justice Gibbs as Justice Mason discussed the unconscionable deal. He expressed that the standards of value were abused by the Bank while managing the respondents. Additionally, he expressed that the respondents were off guard as well as there was an extraordinary impediment which influenced them. The extraordinary burden implied that the respondents couldn't by any opportunity know the real circumstance and along these lines were put off guard by the Bank. The handicap was of an extraordinary kind. Consequently, the appellants ought to be held blameworthy (Australian Contract Law, 2013). As expressed by Justice Mason there are different variables which has prompted the proof, that there is an imbalance in the bartering power- Right off the bat, the gathering who is guiltless must be at a unique impediment. The exceptional detriment implied that they couldn't have the foggiest idea about their eventual benefits. The exposure was to be made by the bank and on the off chance that it was made, the respondents would have never executed the agreement. The respondents couldn't comprehend the language and in this way, they were put in the disadvantageous position (Law Student , 2015). There is a distinction in the comprehension of the two appointed authorities with respect to the two regulations that is undue impact and unconscionable deal. Equity Mason expresses that the contrast between the two principles identifies with the way that, in undue impact there is no will whether free or automatic. Be that as it may, in unconscionable deal there is a free and deliberate will however it is curbed by the predominant party. As indicated by Justice Deanne, the undue impact looks for the nature of the assent of the more fragile gathering and the other regulation that looks towards the lead of the more grounded party while managing another gathering enduring with a unique inability (Moles Sangha, 2016). Equity Deanne expressed that the lead of the bank was out of line and absurd and that the Bank exploited the unique weakness of the respondents and in this way, it ought to be at risk to subdue the exchange unequivocally. This putting aside of the exchange would be done because of the utilization of the standards of value. Likewise, there was a headstrong numbness on part of the Bank (John Wiley Sons, 2016). The general test or the correct condition wherein, the Bank would be esteemed at risk to the underwriter would be when there is any uncommon plan between the Bank and the Customer and that the unique course of action must be brought to the information on the individual who is turning into the underwriter. Additionally, the underwriter being under a unique burden ought to be told every single material certainty which would influence his choice and this ought to be finished remembering the standards of value and reasonableness. References Upper leg tendon, 2016. Business Bank of Australia v Amadio. [Online] Available at: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/cases/amadio.html. Aust Lii, 1983. Business Bank of Australia Ltd v Amadio [1983] HCA 14; (1983) 151 CLR 447 (12 May 1983). [Online] Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/cth/HCA/1983/14.html. Australian Contract Law, 2013. Business Bank of Australia v Amadio (1983) 151 CLR 447; [1983] HCA 14. [Online] Available at: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/cases/amadio.html. Brisbane Lawyers, 2016. Unconscionable Conduct Under the Australian Consumer Law and Commercial Bank of Australia v Amadio. [Online] Available at: https://www.awbrisbanelawyers.com.au/unconscionable-lead under-the-australian-buyer law-cba-amadio-legal advisors brisbane.html. John Wiley Sons, 2016. Business Bank of Australia Ltd v Amadio and another. [Online] Available at: https://www.johnwiley.com.au/highered/blaw/content110/case_summaries/bank_of_australia_vs_amadio.pdf. Law Student , 2015. Business Bank of Australia v Amadio. [Online] Available at: https://lawstudent.com.au/case/region/high-court-of-australia/business bank-of-australia-v-amadio-1983-151-clr-447/. Moles, R.N. Sangha, B., 2016. Late improvements in unconscionability. [Online] Available at: https://netk.net.au/Contract/10Unconscionability.asp. Zhang, M., 2013. Business Bank of Australia Ltd v Amadio. [Online] Available at: https://globali.com/ro4xjujiiawj/business bank-of-australia-ltd-v-amadio/.

The Sniper by Liam OFlaherty :: Sniper Liam OFlaherty Essays Papers

The Sniper by Liam O'Flaherty As a communist society we live in we end up in positions were clashes emerge between companions or family. 'The Sniper'; was composed by Liam O ' Flaherty to communicate an unobtrusive yet incredible supposition on such a contention. With references this exposition will break down the short story uncovering the structure used to add to the topic. The fundamental plot of the story is based during a night inside the Irish common wars. It recounts a republican expert sharpshooter sitting on a housetop and killing adversary units as the cross an extension. At the point when a free-states rifleman shows himself on a contrary rooftop they wage a furious and creative war to see who might wind up the better. Inevitably the republican marksman picks up the high ground and subsequent to taking a shot in the arm demolishes the commendable rival. After an inquisitive review to the character of the foe expert sharpshooter he winds up investigating the eyes of his dead sibling. The story is written in third individual P.O.V as to give a thought of the setting, and as they pursued their war the outside individual could give impartial data of which would have been constrained if it somehow happened to be introduced in a first individual P.O.V. We wouldn't have a fair assessment of the two marksmen, which invalidates the point of the subject. How the setting was communicated is additionally an essential part for the advancement of the story. The initial section gives a clear depiction of the circumstance as would genuinely been seen. 'The long June sundown blurred into night. Dublin lay encompassed in obscurity, however for the diminish light of the moon, which shone through woolen mists, giving a pale light a role as of moving toward day break over the roads and the dim waters of the Liffey.'; This concentrate underlines the forlorn, outworld feeling that would have been felt living in such settings. This places into point of view the inclination that will be felt during the coarse of the plot improvement.

Buying A Term Paper - How To Find A Good Deal?

Buying A Term Paper - How To Find A Good Deal?Buying a term paper from a private seller may be very difficult. There are many people who think that they are not able to negotiate with the seller and thus they decide to buy the papers from a public sellers.Buying a term paper from a public seller is difficult because there is an uncertainty about the paper being sold. You have to see that there are many sellers from whom you can buy the papers and therefore you should always try to ask for the best price. If you are able to buy the papers from a cheap paper seller, you should be able to get a lot of information on the topic of your term paper. So, if you can get a good bargain, then you will not spend much time in looking for the one who sells the paper for a good price.It is not necessary that only the topic of the term paper is important. Sometimes, you can also take some other information about the paper. For example, there are many sellers who provide useful information about the paper in their advertisements. Therefore, you should always ask for a number of the ads of the seller you are interested in.One way by which you can purchase a term paper is that you can also search on the internet. There are some websites that sell term papers at wholesale prices. On the internet, you can contact them and tell them that you want to buy the papers.The second way is that you can contact the seller directly and tell him that you want to buy the paper. In this case, you should be ready to give some explanation regarding the price of the paper and other information about the paper. In this case, you should not pay attention to the price of the paper and should be ready to pay more money.However, the best way is that you can visit the public seller who sells the paper on a regular basis. In this case, you should ask the seller for the price of the paper. After that, you should be able to find out the price of the paper by going around the room and checking whether the se ller is doing other business.There are many ways of buying a term paper. Therefore, it is a good idea to contact a public seller to purchase the paper as you can get the best deal in this case.To conclude, it is a good idea to ask for the price of the term paper. If you have purchased the term paper from a public seller, you can check out the price of the paper and then discuss it with the seller.

The Cyber Manhunt - 887 Words

The Cyber Manhunt Cyber Manhunt, also known as Human Flesh Search or Internet Mass Hunting is primarily a Chinese Internet phenomenon of massive searching in which numerous Internet users participate to filter the search results and assists users in clarifying their search request. It literally means to uncover the true identity of a particular person with the connected efforts of all netizens. Because of the convenient and efficient nature of information sharing on the cyberspace, the Human Flesh Search is often used to acquire information usually difficult or impossible to find by other conventional means (such as library or Google). Such information, once available, can be rapidly distributed to hundreds of websites, making it an†¦show more content†¦The victims are entitled to get compensation from abusers. As was expected, this newly enacted tort liability law immediately triggered a fierce argument between people, especially netizens. As far as I am concerned, if used in overhauling off icial corruption or porn market, I will advocate the human flesh search and vice versa. In this case, the tort liability law was enacted on July 1, 2010, stating that people could safeguard their legal rights once when their reputation or privacy would be damaged by online character assassination from now on. A survey by the China Youth Daily this month showed that 79.9 percent of 2,491 netizens polled believed that cyber-manhunts should be regulated, 64.6 percent said it infringes upon peoples privacy and 20.1 percent feared that they themselves would become a target. On the other hand, 65.5 percent of those polled agreed it might be a new way to vent anger and to exact revenge. The poll also showed that 24.8 percent of respondents supported legislation to restrict such searches. Even though how to use Cyber Manhunt--this double-edged sword is still being in heated dispute, all we can do at present is to take positive advantage of it and avoid its negative influences as much as we can. And maybe the Internet should be regulated to create a healthy and civilizedShow MoreRelatedApplying Social Network Sites ( Sns ) Crime3143 Words   |  13 Pagescrime Abstract Social network has become popular way to make friends in recent years. Famous social network sites like Facebook, Twitter, and Linkedin have provided their users with conveniences and however they have become the tools of new trend of cyber crime. Introduction Social network has become popular way to make friends in recent years. 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Target is a widely known retailer that has millions of consumers flocking every day to the retailer to partake in the stores wonders. The Target Data Breach is now known as the largest data breach/attack surpassing the TJX data breach in 2007. â€Å"The second-biggest attack struck TJX Companies, the parent company of TJMaxx and Marshall’s, which said in 2007 that about 45 million credit cards and debit cards had been compromisedRead MoreSocial Media Platforms And Their Effect On Young People s Minds2060 Words   |  9 Pages tv programs, online websites. The media investigated and covered the case of Amanda Todd in such a way that it influenced people all over the world and in every corner of the globe to take actions against cyber and direct bullying. Dangerously, the media encouraged people to join the manhunt, and just so you get a flavor of the language the papers used, for the â€Å"sicko† who spread the images of Amanda Todd One of the pieces of research I found effective was from The Guardian. It published a photographRead MoreViolence And Sexual Content And The Media2947 Words   |  12 Pagesreports that more than 90% of children in the United States play video games. The majority of kids between the ages of 12 and 17, the number rises to 97% play video games. More than 85% of video game are violent; most games have violent title such as â€Å"Manhunt† and famous game â€Å"Grand Theft Auto† and â€Å"Death Race† (Scutti, 2016). Violent media exposure has been associated with aggressive behavior and it has been suggested that child health professionals counsel families on limiting exposure. Advertisements

The Impact Of Privacy On The Internet - 1618 Words

As technology continues to advance, the world continues to shrink. Information can be easily obtained with a click of a mouse. Since this information is keystrokes away, how can individuals or businesses monitor this public information on the Internet? Can this accessible information violate an individual’s privacy? First, the word privacy is defined in numerous ways from an individual or business perspective. Based on these different views of privacy, this can impact operations or people’s life. The definition of privacy for a business is to collect information about its customers, but respect the customer’s privacy. Businesses took the concern of individual’s privacy a long time ago, and created a section of the business for privacy†¦show more content†¦According to McCreary, â€Å"that growth rate reflects more than just a greater appreciation of privacy protection as a business responsibility† (McCreary pg.5, 2008). The rise of these executive positions and organizations is due to privacy regulations that impact businesses. With privacy laws, businesses can collect people’s personal information, analyze it, but the business has to be within reason. Before these privacy laws, business were able to collect all the information that the company can access and use that information to their advantage. If the information leaked out or was stolen, the business did not have to disclose the issue with the public or even the company’s customers. Now, businesses have to release to the public on any breaches of security such as their privacy. When California passed legislation in 2003, â€Å"companies were obligated to alert them to a breach at the earliest reasonable moment after it was discovered† (McCreary pg.6, 2008). After this regulation was passed, other states began to adopt their own mandates of security to protect individual’s privacy. Ultimately, this changed how business analyzed their risk equation. Businesses would have to face the consequences when information is breached, and the reputation from its customers. Enterprises are trying to be proactive when collecting, storing and protecting an individual’s data. A privacy checklist for a business

Essay on The Significance of Soliloquy in Shakespeares...

Soliloquy in Shakespeare’s work allows us, as readers and/or as an audience, to dive in a character’s mind. It is that extra view that makes us see what the characters in Shakespeare’s work can’t see. In this particular soliloquy from Act III sc. 1 lines 48-72, we witness a sad soliloquy as it shows Macbeth’s growing detachment from humanity due to his guilt conscience that keeps coming back. The soliloquy shows he is never at peace ever since he broke the laws of nature but takes it a step further when he starts cutting ties with his close friend, Banquo who is known for his wisdom, and leads us to think what Macbeth could possibly do next. The soliloquy starts with Macbeth’s reflection after he became king, ‘to be thus is nothing,†¦show more content†¦Interestingly enough, Macbeth still portraits Banquo as a loyal, wise man. ‘In his royalty of nature’ (Macbeth, Act III, sc. 1 line 51) Macbeth is obviously jealous of Banquo, who has an innocence he is longing for but never would get due to this vaulting ambition and desire for more. We can notice that throughout this play, Shakespeare makes a clean image of Banquo; he is the good guy all the way through and is only a good friend. We notice Banquo has risked nothing and Macbeth has done all the work for him, this only enrages Macbeth who realizes Banquo is the only beneficiary being in Macbeth’s attempt to be king. This emphasizes Banquo’s image as the good one who has good things happening to him and reinforces the general universal statement that being good is good. Up to this point in the play, we have witnessed how Macbeth has slowly begun to detach himself from being human. This soliloquy, like mentioned, is a big step into his detachment. Macbeth’s mind remarkably got the best of him and he begins to cut ties with his close friend, Banquo. Macbeth recalls the prophecy and we see that through the soliloquy, Macbeth expands his insecurity and acknowledges he has no children which exposes a threat to the royal descent that is to come. We can follow that Macbeth takes the prophecy quite seriously and that it is the driving force to his words and his will to defy fate. After analyzing Macbeth’s words and understanding hisShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of My Last Duchess By Robert Browning And A Woman s Lover 1712 Words   |  7 Pagessupernatural, reality and appearance, played a role in the way events occurred and how they have affected the marriage between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. This analysis would also study how the author, William Shakespeare, portrayed these themes using language and historical context to affect the opinions of the audience’s perception of the two characters. As Shakespeare’s Macbeth had been written in the past, it would be of great contrast to the two modern poems that would also be analysed. This analysisRead MoreChange of Macbeth in William Shakespeares Macbeth Essay1674 Words   |  7 PagesChange of Macbeth in William Shakespeares Macbeth Throughout the course of the play, Macbeths character changes from good to evil. As the audience we are given plenty of opportunities to look at the way in which he changes and the influences that help bring about the alteration in character. Shakespeare also uses dramatic devises to highlight Macbeths change. In this essay I am going to explore the influences that Macbeth was exposed to and theRead MoreImportance Of Shakespeare s Macbeth 1519 Words   |  7 Pages Importance of the Witches in Macbeth by William Shakespeare Throughout all of history, witches are known for practicing magic and creating prophecies to predict any future. In any scene involving witches, it is important to know their role in the play, whether they change the outcome of the play or simply influenced it, and the supernatural features the play comes along with in its time. In No Fear Shakespeare Macbeth by William Shakespeare, the play starts out withRead MoreSymbolism In Macbeth1622 Words   |  7 PagesIn William Shakespeares dramatic tragedy â€Å"Macbeth†, the historic playwright utilizes the play in order to convey a dark, dreadful, perception of life. As he highlights the inevitability of death and the tragic, dark, and sometimes meaningless moments littered throughout it. This can be seen through numerous characters most vitally through Macbeth himself, but also through the fascinating character that is the Porter/Seyton. The playwright also develops an impeccably and overwhelmingly morbid overlyingRead MoreThe Imagery Of Macbeth By William Shakespeare980 Words   |  4 PagesThe imagery of Macbeth institutes a dark, evil aura that surrounds nearly every aspect of the play. Images of evil beings, murder, as well as the natural and supernatural help to set this sinister mood throughout the play. The three witches are a dominant source of evil in Macbeth. They are the first characters introduced, emphasizing their significance in the play as well as their aura of darkness. Their first meeting takes place in thunder and lightening, a dark, chaotic, and dangerous environmentRead MoreAnalysis Of The Structure Hamlet 1233 Words   |  5 PagesStability, Sanity, and Structure (Analysis of the structure in Shakespeare’s Hamlet) Structure is in our lives all around us; we see it in work lives, our home lives, in our owe bodies, and even more so in the curriculum that kids are learning at school. Structure, in all aspects, is constructed according to a plan. It gives a sense of assembly and backbone to whatever we are looking at. We see structure is in the information students are attaining at school, especially in the literary sense. ManyRead MoreAct 3 Scene 1 of William Shakesepares Macbeth Essay examples1399 Words   |  6 PagesAct 3 Scene 1 of William Shakesepares Macbeth Background King Duncan, has been murdered by Macbeth, and Macbeth is crowned King of Scotland. Banquo is back in the royal castle of Forres, and we find out, that he has been observing the recent events and is aware of the witches prophecies. This prompts him to wonder if the prophecy made to him by the witches may also come true. Meanwhile, Macbeth fears that Banquo and his son Fleance may be an obstacle to him and plans Read MoreAnalytical Essay of Macbeth1402 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeare uses vivid and powerful forms of imagery to let the audience visualize the setting. Lady Macbeth is portrayed as a strong woman who is attracted to power and would do anything to be in control; she is anything but an elegant and sensitive woman. After the bloodshed begins, however, Lady Macbeth falls an easy prey  to insanity and guilt. Her soliloquy (5.1.24-30)  shows her decline  into madness when she says,â€Å"out damned spot...† There are many examples of visual and aural imagery throughoutRead MoreEssay on Tension in Act 2 Scene 2 of William Shakespeares Macbeth1620 Words   |  7 PagesTension in Act 2 Scene 2 of William Shakespeares Macbeth Macbeth was written in1605; this was a period where there was a great interest in witchcraft and the supernatural. Many people including James I were scared and confused by ideas of the supernatural. The opening scene would in itself create tension amongst the audience, as it would suggest a play full of evil and lies, and also a theme of opposites and contrasts which occurs in the play, Fair is foul, and foulRead MoreEssay Macbeth Themes: Fair Is Foul and Foul Is Fair900 Words   |  4 PagesThe theme of ‘Fair is foul, foul is fair’ permeates throughout the play Macbeth. Explain what it means, providing examples from the play to support your answer: One of the most important themes in the play Macbeth by William Shakespeare comes from one of the last lines in Act 1, Scene 1 of the play. The three witches speak this simple line ‘Fair is foul, and foul is fair,’ shortly before they disperse and it becomes a prophecy and an underlying warning for the rest of the play. The connotations

Leonardo Di Ser Piero Da Vinci Essay Summary Example For Students

Leonardo Di Ser Piero Da Vinci Essay Summary Leonardo was a man of many different talents; among those talents were polymath, painter, sculptor, architect, musician, scientist, inventor, engineer, writer, geologist, anatomist, cartographer, anatomist, and botanist. Leonardo was primarily known for his painting (Mona Lisa, the last supper, Vitamins Man), and his fascinating inventions (Helicopter, tank, flying Machine, Viola Organists) which I will be talking about in depth in my research paper. First study science, and then follow with practice based on science.. The painter who draws by practice and judgment of the eye without the use of reason is like the mirror the reproduces within itself all the objects which are set opposite to it without knowledge of the same. The youth ought first to learn perspective, then the proportions of everything, then he should learn from the hand off good master. Leonardo Dad Vinci The Renaissance marked the transition point from the middle ages to the modern world. Young Leonardo Did Seer Piper Dad Vince received his education of Painter, sculptor, and engineering in Florence in the early sass. In a time when coming with a new approach toward science was considered a direct insult or challenge to the church, Leonardo managed to project his new finding of science, Mathematics formulas, and logical reasoning without creating a new reform of cultural beliefs. Among his reaction we can find what is considered to be an early predecessor of todays helicopter. Between 1480 and 1493 Leonardo Dad Vinci designed what is known today as the Aerial Screw or also known as the Helical Air Screw. Leonardo Helical Air Screw measure approximately fifteen feet across and the material used to build it were reed, linen, and wire. The main power proportion came from four men that were standing in the middle of the craft rotating different pedals in order to rotate the screw like shaft (See figure L-1). Leonardo was a very methodical reader and writer. He often read books that interest him with pen on hand. He was so critical of himself that he used to describe his though in writing, and draw them most of the time in order to retrace his thinking. In the old time it was common for inventors to read others innovators ideas in order to create new ones or reproduce the same invention with improvements. One of those creations was the Leonardo Assault Vehicle. After researching Roberto Evaluators De re military, Leonardo Dad Vinci went ahead and created the Assault Vehicle with a technology that was unheard of at the time. Due to the lack of funds and the war at the Apennines Peninsula Leonardo had o restrain his master creation to Just a blueprint. The Assault Vehicle had an upside- down cone shape with four wheels at the bottom, and a crankshaft for propulsion. Been that Leonardo was so critical of his own invention, he decided to make improvement to his own invention at a later time. One of those improvements was the vehicle self-propulsion. Leonardo achieved this improvement by creating a spring-power system (As the Motor), and an innovated differential transmission system. (L-2 Picture of Assault Vehicle) Another area in which Leonardo Dad Vinci broke new ground was painting. But to his misfortune in life by 1514 most of his paintings were not completed due to lack of commissions and Italians wars. One of those paintings happened to be the Mona Lisa or La Cocooned a 16th century oil painting portray of Lisa did Antonio Maria Grenadine which in todays expert opinion it is one of the most impossible to comprehend painting in the history of art. Leonardo started to paint the Mona Lisa in 1503 under the commission of Francesco did Bartholomew did Zinnia del Giaconda and finished nil 519 shortly before he died. .u9a37f76abba6922fcd4f147e6cde90be , .u9a37f76abba6922fcd4f147e6cde90be .postImageUrl , .u9a37f76abba6922fcd4f147e6cde90be .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9a37f76abba6922fcd4f147e6cde90be , .u9a37f76abba6922fcd4f147e6cde90be:hover , .u9a37f76abba6922fcd4f147e6cde90be:visited , .u9a37f76abba6922fcd4f147e6cde90be:active { border:0!important; } .u9a37f76abba6922fcd4f147e6cde90be .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9a37f76abba6922fcd4f147e6cde90be { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9a37f76abba6922fcd4f147e6cde90be:active , .u9a37f76abba6922fcd4f147e6cde90be:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9a37f76abba6922fcd4f147e6cde90be .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9a37f76abba6922fcd4f147e6cde90be .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9a37f76abba6922fcd4f147e6cde90be .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9a37f76abba6922fcd4f147e6cde90be .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9a37f76abba6922fcd4f147e6cde90be:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9a37f76abba6922fcd4f147e6cde90be .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9a37f76abba6922fcd4f147e6cde90be .u9a37f76abba6922fcd4f147e6cde90be-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9a37f76abba6922fcd4f147e6cde90be:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Renaissance Question mark EssayBy 1511 Leonardo had to migrate under the Melee family protection to Vapor where he sided and produced magnificent creation of arts for two years in order to repay the Melee family hospitality. While at Vapor Leonardo continued to develop his new projects and improving his paintings knowing that sooner or later he will have to find a more suitable patron in order to be able to finance his work. The solution to financial impasse came in February 1 513 in the hand of Giovanni De Medici, the younger descendent of Lorenz IL Magnificent. With the death of Pope Julius II in Rome and Giovanni ser piero asserted to papacy under the name of Pope Leo X . Giuliani De Medici rather of Pope Leo X and by them commander of the papal army, invited Leonardo to Rome for his knowledge of art and military technology. The invitation to Rome by Giuliani De Medici was the opportunity that Leonardo Dad Vinci was waiting for. Unlimited commissions, immeasurable social status, and a very power full patron. What else? By September 1513 Leonardo relocated himself back to Rome where he was accommodated in the Vatican luxury Belvedere villas together with all his painting including some half stages such us the Lead, the Mona Lisa, and the Saint Anne.

Balance Sheet Essays - Generally Accepted Accounting Principles

Balance Sheet Although the balance sheet was first implemented just a couple of centuries ago, it has quickly developed and sophisticated to become nowadays a widely used and powerful tool in the hands of professional users, well known and popular even among the mass public. In spite of its prominence, or may be because of it, the balance sheet can not be easily and fully described in a few words, but still, if we leave aside its various functions and forms and any other subjective factors, we can state that the balance sheet is a summary of an enterprises' assets, liabilities and equity at a specific moment of time. To simplify this description even further we could say that the balance sheet shows an entity's possessions, obligations and others' debts to it. The "objective" point of view however is often too restrictive, and the most simple things many times prove to be rather complex... Among the thousand more complex definitions appended to the balance sheet one of my favorites is the definition given by .... according to which the balance sheet is a statement meant to communicate information about the financial position of an enterprise at a particular point in time, summarizing the information contained in accounting records in a clear and intelligible form, giving information about the financial state of an enterprise and indicating the relative liquidity of the assets, showing the liabilities of the enterprise (i.e. what the enterprise owes and when these amounts will fall due), able to assist the user in evaluating the financial position of the enterprise, being however only part of the data needed by users. Or to summarize this long description with which I completely agree, I could say that although the balance sheet is one of the most outstanding instruments in the hands of financial analysts, managers, investors and other users, its importance should not be over emphasized, it has to be viewed along with many other documents, and it is far from being the perfect and the "super" financial document. In order to get a more clear, complete and fair picture of the balance sheet, apart from reviewing the definitions given by the experts in this field, we would need to consider as many sides and issues of the subject as possible. Being objective we should have a look at the etymology of the word "balance", the history of this document, its theoretical essence and the basic concepts of accounting implied in it, its forms in the accounting practise. In our attempt however not to become "over-objective" or scholastic, we should also review the aims and purposes of the balance sheet and the extent to which they are fulfilled, the users of this financial statement and their contradictory needs, the negative aspects and restrictions of the balance sheet, and finally the trends of its further development. In short, we have to go further into the matter... The history of the so called financial statements, and the balance sheet among them, can be traced back to Renaissance Italy, where along with the double - entry book - keeping they first evoked to respond to the growing more and more complex needs of the accounting connected with the economic development of the society at that period (expansion of trade activities, development of banking, etc.) and with the transition from the owner - manager model towards limited companies or the breakdown of ownership from control. Obviously these historical events called for the development of new methods and new documents, reflecting the changes. Naturally the word "balance" itself has also an Italian origin ("bilan", "bilanz") though it is formed up of two latin words: "bi" - double and "lanx" - scales. Even from here it becomes obvious that the balance sheet is a sheet or summary of two different aspects of one and the same thing: an entity's financial position. Further to this aspect, we can take a look at the definition of the balance sheet given by John Arnold, Tony Hope and Alan Southworth: "The balance sheet is the most inituitive and easily understood document of accounting. Most of us at some stage in our lives will be required to compute a listing of our possessions. Such a listing of possessions is a major element in the construction of a balance sheet.". Far from being a precise statement on what the balance sheet is, it can easily be perceived from a phylosofical and psychological view point, and then, though defined at present times, it can be related with the historical side of the balance

Grenvilles novel The Secret River Essays

Grenvilles novel The Secret River Essays Grenvilles novel The Secret River Paper Grenvilles novel The Secret River Paper Essay Topic: Everything Is Illuminated Our identity in a community is determined by one’s own internal emotional view of humanity. This is shown in Steven Herrick’s prose novel The Simple Gift, Tim Winton’s novel Breath and Kate Grenville’s novel ‘The Secret River’ through the use of the young disparate protagonists throughout these texts we can observe and extract many adaptations made by personas to survive in a changing world and different meanings of belonging and not belonging. Within the texts we observe individuals gaining a sense of connection and security to other people through literature and imagination. Individuals need role models in order to develop a reciprocal connection with others, by fostering a sense of identity and develop self-esteem. However the consequences of not achieving t2his relationship leads to loss of identity. Individuals must make choices between different places, communities and other people who offer them different concepts of belonging. . 2. 3. The aspect of individuals needing to gain a sense of connection and security through literature and imagination is illuminated through Tim Winton’s Breath and Steven Herrick’s The Simple Gift. In Steven Herrick’s The Simple Gift this connection to literature is shown through the protagonist Billy with the use of the quote ‘and I’m there, on the island, /gorging on tropical fruit,/trying to decide/whose side I’m on’ in this quote Herrick’s alludes to William Golding’s ‘Lord of the Flies’, this analogy depicts Billy integrating into the novel and deciding which side of society he wishes to assimilate into to, deciding whether or to abide by ‘normal’ customs or challenge rules of society’s expectations. This extended metaphor shows how having a lack of structure or authority leads to chaos and isolation. : Similarly, in Winton’s novel this aspect of literature is shown through the quote â€Å"I liked books – the respite and privacy of them – books about plants and the formation of ice and the business of world wars. Whenever I sank into them I felt free† The use of first person, emotive language of ‘liked’ shows that individuals gain a sense of connection and imagination through literature, art and imagination. Winton uses listing as well as diction, with the use of such words like respite and privacy imply safety and security in ones imagination, this allows the protagonist ‘Pikelet’ a getaway from reality and feelings of not belonging. Individuals need role models in order to develop a reciprocal connection with others, fostering sense of identity and develop self-esteem. However not achieving this relationship leads to a loss of identity. In Steven Herrick’s The Simple Gift, the reciprocal relationship between the personas Old Bill and Billy are shown through the quote ‘I knew that Old Bill was giving/ me more than these keys I held. / holding someone’s past in my dirty hands. ’ This symbolism of the keys is used to illuminate the depth of Billy’s relationship with Old Bill and the concept of belonging represented by a physical house. This shows Old Bill’s trust in Billy because Old Bill is not only giving Billy a house, he is giving him a part of his life along with removing the degrading tag of homelessness. This is also seen in the quote â€Å"two hobos laughing/laughing the morning away†, Herrick’s use of repetition of laughing shows the stable, down to earth relationship between the pair and their deep security placed within each other. The hyperbole of ‘laughing the morning away’ as well as the colloquial language of ‘hobos’ enlightens the reader to admire the mindset of the homeless protagonists. 8. Similarly, this is shown through the protagonist featured in Breath, Pikelet, after his mentor Sando abandons him. â€Å"I went numb. I couldn’t say what it was and didn’t dare try. How do you explain the sense of being made to feel improper? † Tim Winton has manipulated the use of a rhetorical question to highlight Pikelet’s insecurities that have consequentially developed as a result of an upbringing in an isolated town. Winton’s use of diction, using the word ‘improper’ shows us that Pikelet doesn’t belong in his ‘given’ social group. The colloquial language gives the persona Pikelet a more authentic voice, creating a relatable protagonist. Winton has also used the quote ‘, ‘Sando paddled up and held my hand like a brother or a father. ’ Winton’s simile compares the difference between Sando, and Pikelet’s father who was never there to encourage and support Pikelet during his adolescence, this creates and emotional connection and dependence on Sando, both authors create to relationship to use the depends and mutual addiction on a role model 9. 10. Finally, Individuals must make choices between different places, communities and other people who offer them different senses of belonging. This is shown by Winton in Breath again through the persona Pikelet when he said â€Å"Everything around me seemed so pointless and puny/ Wherever I went I felt like the last awake person in a room full of sleepers†, this simile is used to show Pikelet’s search for belonging and people he could associate with, but not realising the countless barriers in Pikelets unique personality. In contrast the use of diction in the quote ‘we feel like we naturally belong at the beach, others detest it because they feel alien to it. ’ Shows that Pikelet knows where he belongs and whom he belongs with. 1. Similar shown in the extract of Kate Grenville’s ‘The Secret River’ through the convict protagonist William Thornhill with the quote ‘For them, Home was nothing but a story. If they were to go to London they would be outsiders’, this metaphor illuminates the choice he must make to uproot his family back to England, even though they have develop a connection to a physical place, it shows they want Australia to be like London. Capital of Home emphasises the significants . The repetition of home throughout the extract is used. Also shown by the hyperbole in ‘Had often been on the wrong side of the wall’ alluding to the wrong side of society, it is also seen as it relates to prison society, feeling trapped and isolated, just like in Australia. In conclusion both the composers have identified that belonging within a community is determined by ones childhood and background and the role of parental figures and role models, this is achieved through the use of adolescent protagonists as well as relating connection a to literature, enabling individuals to escape to another reality, the composer also highlight the need for role models and belonging in communities to enhance ones sense of humanity.

Knowledge Workers and the Brooklyn Bridge 8 Essay

Knowledge Workers and the Brooklyn Bridge 8 - Essay Example engineers, namely Washington Robeling and those who worked with him, that were mainly concerned with design aspects such as knowledge of gradient, impact of erosion by water over time, angles for rafters and columns and related information. Designing and construction of a bridge requires a basic knowledge and comprehension of the many aspects constituting â€Å"optimum structural and mechanical performance.† (Fertis, xiii). In the case of a highway bridge, dynamic and vibration analysis that needs to be carried out requires knowledge of the basic properties of the materials and cables that are used to build the bridge. Such knowledge of material properties is then used in performing the static and dynamic analysis, in developing a bridge design that is safe as well as functional. The static and dynamic analysis will involve calculations to determine both static and dynamic deformations of the bridge, together with its frequencies of vibration. This will also involve conclusions to be drawn on how long the bridge span should be in order to ensure that its rigidity is maintained in a safe design. Hence a knowledge worker working on the design and construction of the bridge in Robeling’s day would also have required a basic knowledge of statics, mechanics and structural mechanics. A knowledge worker would thus need to be acquainted with basic engineering concepts in designing of bridges. Communication in those days when the Brooklyn Bridge was first built centered around personal contact, hence these were restricted to light signals and Robelais passing on his communications through his wife. As a result, workers had to possess communication skills in interacting with members of their teams, most of whom were likely to have been drawn from the same local area of New York and largely comprising immigrants. But the kind of communication systems being used in the present day is also different from those existing during the time of Robelais. Knowledge workers may

Teenage drug addicts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Teenage drug addicts - Essay Example A study by National Center of Education Statistics during the year 2009 found out that the main reason of this proliferating numbers of teen drug addicts is that 22% of high school teens are being provided in drugs in their respective schools (Russell, 2008). This teen population, around 45% of this part of teen population cannot see any ‘risk’ due to excessive drug use. That means lack of awareness is the dominant reason that has led to such a grave issue. Teens living in UK are also in the running. They too fall in the same category that is severely attacked by this issue of Drug Abuse. They too are falling in the trap and ruining their lives, UK’s society and the country as a whole. Teen Drug Addiction in UK – Causes, Effects and Current Trends Even after the government’s several attempts of implementing strict policies on its teen population, the numbers of ‘Teenage Drug Addicts in Britain’ are increasing at a high rate. The deaths i n Britain due to drug abuse rose from 1952 to2182 deaths in total. Before peeking into the world of Teen Drug addicts in UK, we first need to know who these drugs came into this country and ruined the lives of many people, enjoying their teenage life. In case of Cocaine, UK is considered to be the most affected country due to drug abuse in the entire world. With 2% regular users of cocaine in UK, teens living between these people will surely fall in this trap and try their first drug, and this is what really happened. With a 19million share of the cost of drugs in the GDP of UK, more than 40% of this is paid by the UK teens. These figures clearly demonstrate the scenario of drug addicts who are teenagers and are living in Britain (Plant, et al, 2010). Overview of Teen drug Addiction During the time 2008 to 2009, around 8.1% increase has been observed in the number of teen drug users in UK. In UK, drug abuse is not just an epidemic, but a plaque. United Kingdom has a long history of teen drug abuse in its regards, because it was the first ever country of European Union that was reported to see the emergence of the drug misuse. In United Kingdom, drugs are commonly supplied around the country that’s why teens cannot find difficult in finding them and becoming huge big drug addicts in a short time period. This has led to a creation of social norm about this country as now the teen population have become really open minded when it comes to use drugs openly in social gatherings (Paylor et al, 2012). The current scenario of teen drug addicts in Britain has illustrated that this issue is getting out of hand. In a European Schools Survey Project, with 42% teen boys and 39% teen girls, illegal drugs have been used. Alcohol abuse, alcohol one of those drugs widely used in teenagers in UK, is prevailing commonly in UK, and this situation is getting worse in case of girls. Professor Martin Plant, of the University of West of England said: â€Å"One of the big prob lems is that vast numbers of young people who engage in these behaviors believe that they are completely invulnerable†. Causes of Teen Drug Addiction One of the reasons of a high rate of teenage drug addicts in UK reported by this professor are poor parenting. Parents living in UK are very broad minded and don’

History of Nursing Research Worksheet Essay Example for Free

History of Nursing Research Worksheet Essay Nursing Research covers key issues, including health promotion, human responses to illness, acute care nursing research, symptom management, cost-effectiveness, vulnerable populations, health services, and community-based nursing studies† (Henly, 2013). Sigma Theta Tau Journal published by this organization is now called Image—The Journal of Nursing ScholarshipFirst published: 1967 Importance: â€Å"This widely read and respected journal features peer-reviewed, thought-provoking articles representing research by some of the world’s leading nurse researchers. Reaching health professionals, faculty and students in 90 countries, the Journal of Nursing Scholarship is focused on the health of people throughout the world. It reflects the society’s dedication to providing the tools necessary to improve nursing care around the world† (Hegyvary, 2011). Research in Nursing and Health First published: 1978 Importance: â€Å"a general peer-reviewed research journal devoted to publication of a wide range of research and theory that will inform the practice of nursing and other health disciplines. It has influenced on nursing education administration, health issues related to nursing, and testing research in practice† (Research In Nursing Health , n. d. ). Western Journal of Nursing Research First published: 1979 Importance: â€Å"The dissemination of research studies, book reviews, discussion and debate, and meeting calendars, all directed to a general nursing audience. It has risen to the challenges of the ever-changing nursing research field, providing an innovative forum for nurse researchers, students and clinical practitioners to participate in ongoing scholarly debate† (Conn, 2013). Scholarly Inquiry for Nursing PracticeFirst published: 1987 Importance: â€Å"Research and Theory for Nursing Practice (former named Scholarly Inquiry for Nursing Practice) focuses on issues relevant to improving nursing practice, education, and patient care. The articles strive to discuss knowledge development in its broadest sense, reflect research using a variety of methodological approaches, and combine several methods and strategies in a single study. Because of the journals international emphasis, article contributors address the implications of their studies for an international audience† (Springer Publish Company, 2013). Applied Nursing ResearchFirst published: 1988 Importance: â€Å"To present original, peer-reviewed research findings clearly and directly for clinical applications in all nursing specialties. Regular features include ‘Ask the Experts,’ research briefs, clinical methods, book reviews, news and announcements, and an editorial section. Applied Nursing Research covers such areas as pain management, patient education, discharge planning, nursing diagnosis, job stress in nursing, nursing influence on length of hospital stay, and nurse/physician collaboration† (Applied Nursing Research, 2013). Nursing Science QuarterlyFirst published: 1988 Importance: â€Å"Nursing Science Quarterly (NSQ) is a peer-reviewed quarterly journal publishing original manuscripts focusing on nursing theory development, nursing theory-based practice and quantitative and qualitative research related to existing nursing frameworks, contributed by the leading theorists, researchers and nurse executives† (Nursing Science Quarterly, 2013). Conduct and Utilization of Research in NursingFirst published: 1982-1983 Importance: â€Å"The Conduct and Utilization of Research in Nursing (CURN) project, an organizational approach, was designed to develop and test a model for using research-based knowledge in clinical practice settings† (Morse, 2006). Annual Review of Nursing ResearchFirst published: 1983 Importance: â€Å"The purpose of this annual review is to critically examine the full gamut of literature on key topics in nursing practice, including nursing theory, care delivery, nursing education, and the professional aspects of nursing. ARNR has brought together internationally recognized experts in the fields of nursing, and continues to deliver the highest standards of content and authoritative reviews of research for students, researchers, and clinicians† (Springer Publishing Company, 2013). AgenciesEstablishment date and goal or function: American Nurses’ Association (ANA) Council of Nurse Researchers Established: 1972 Goal: â€Å"The Council of Nurse Researchers helped with the development of research endeavors, gave credit to meritorious research, and facilitated the discussion of research ideas† (Burns ; Grove, 2009). National Institute for Nursing Research (NINR)Established: 1993 Goal: â€Å"NINR is to promote and improve the health of individuals, families, communities, and populations. NINR supports and conducts clinical and basic research and research training on health and illness across the lifespan to build the scientific foundation for clinical practice, prevent disease and disability, manage and eliminate symptoms caused by illness, and improve palliative and end-of-life care† (National Institute Of Nursing Research,

Human Cloning Essay -- Ethical Issues, Cloning

Human Cloning Human Cloning comes with two dangerous processes, reproductive cloning (the creating of a new organism) and the therapeutic cloning (the creation of a new tissues or â€Å"other biological products†) which affects the ethics of human society. Scientists perceive cloning benefits all men and women, while religious leaders stress the idea of cloning to be an unethical process. Although human cloning serves as an aid to the children and parents with conflicts, cloning is completely unacceptable to convey human life as a product. Humans reproductively and therapeutically give the idea of people becoming a product rather than a living being. Siedler emphasizes that â€Å"reproductive cloning could also represent an enormous step in direction of transforming human procreation into human manufacture† (Siedler 91-92). In other words, reproductive cloning will create a world full of dolls that will remove every trace of living beings. Though it is hard to believe the world becoming a doll house for each family or community, it has come to a conclusion that the ability of cloning and â€Å"creating children† is questioning every person, â€Å"what does it mean to be a human?† (Yount 114). If it was not bad enough for this world to describe some of the people to be looked upon as nothing but a thing, cloning pushes the idea to a whole new level. â€Å"By opening the door to many things such as manipulation,† Yount states, as she desperately explains the fear in cloning, â€Å"of wanting to be someone else, it can treat them as objects instead of person,† (Yount 114). To even add the intensity of what cloning could do, therapeutic cloning delivers a new definition to fear. According to the ... ...). Parents suffer the mental issue of the child recieving â€Å"medium-term consequences including premature aging, immune system failures, and sudden unexpected deaths,† (Siedler 87-88). Therapeutic cloning sounds safe and ethical, â€Å"but it is no different from those that could be used in attempts to create cloned children† so why risk the process? (â€Å"Cloning† 94). Therapeutic and Reproductive cloning is used in a beneficial way in different circumstances, but the disadvantages overpowers the beneficial usage with the risk of corrupting the world and more. Reproductive cloning forms human manufacturing as well as a child to a parent who are unable to bear one, and therapeutic cloning give animals a repaired heart muscle, as well as the corruption of religion and social ideas in this world. Cloning comes with consequences and more are to come, so is it worth to clone?

Atomic Structure

The Rutherford Model of the Atom 1. In 1911 Rutherford proposed the nuclear model of atomic structure. He suggested that an atom consists of a central nucleus (where most of the mass of the atom is concentrated) having a positive charge, surrounded by moving electrons carrying negative charge. Geiger and Marsden carried out an experiment to verify his proposal. The Geiger/Marsden a Particle Scattering Experiment 1. The apparatus is illustrated in the diagram below. | 2. The apparatus was in an evacuated container. The detector was a ZnS screen observed through a low power microscope. Each time an alpha particle hit the screen, a small flash of light was produced. 3. The detector was mounted on a support such that it could be rotated to measure the angular deflection of the alpha particles as they passed through a very thin sheet of gold. They measured the numbers of particles deflected through various angles. 4. It was found that most of ? particles pass through the gold undeflected; only a relatively small number are deflected (scattered). 5. Their results were considered to confirm Rutherford’s model and allowed them to estimate the size of the nucleus (greater than 10-14m) and the size of the atom (greater than10-10m), thus producing the slightly surprising conclusion the most of the space occupied by an atom is empty space! Closest Approach of an Alpha Particle to a Nucleus 1. For a given speed of alpha particle, the closest approach to a nucleus, rmin, will occur when the initial direction of motion of the particle is along the line joining the centers of particle and nucleus. 2. In this case, at the point of closest approach, the speed of the particle is zero. 3. As the particle approaches the nucleus, kinetic energy is being converted to electrical potential energy. K. E. lost = E. P. E. gained| 4. Electrical potential at a distance r from a point charge Q is given by | 5. For a nucleus of atomic number Z, the charge is Ze, where e is the magnitude of the charge on one proton (the same as the magnitude of the charge on an electron). 6. The magnitude of the charge on an alpha particle is 2e 7. Therefore, the energy, w, possessed by an alpha particle placed at distance, rmin, from a charge Ze is given by | 8. So, we have | which gives | Millikan’s Experiment to Measure the Charge on one Electron 1. The diagram below is a very simplified representation of Millikan’s apparatus. | 2. Small drops of oil were allowed to fall into a region between two metal plates, (the top plate had a hole in it). 3. Some of the drops became charged by friction. Further ionization was caused by a beam of x rays. 4. Millikan measured the terminal speed of a drop as it fell through the air, with V = 0. From this he could calculate the radius of the drop (and hence it’s mass). He then applied a voltage, V, to the plates and measured the new terminal speed of the same drop. 5. The change in the terminal speed of the drop was used to calculate the magnitude of the charge on the drop. 6. When many measurements had been done, all the charges were found to be integral multiples of a basic unit of charge, assumed to be the charge on one electron. 7. The value, e, is approximately -1. 6? 10-19 C. 8. A simplified version of Millikan’s experiment can be done by finding the voltage needed to just hold an oil drop stationary between the two plates. 9. Consider a drop having a charge q and mass m. | 10. If the drop is stationary, then the two forces acting on it have equal magnitudes. where E is the field strength. 11. Now, , where d is the distance between the plates, Therefore The Electron Volt (eV) 1. The electron Volt is a unit of work (or energy) much smaller than the Joule. 2. If 1electron moves through a potential difference of 1V then 1eV of work is done. Relation between the Joule and the electron Volt 1. Potential difference is work done per unit charge so, . 1 J is the work done when 1C moves through a p. d. of 1V. 2. The charge on one electron is -1. 6? 10-19 C. 3. Therefore 1eV is the work done when 1 ·6? 10-19C moves through a p. d. of 1V. This means that . 4. To convert energy in J to energy in eV, Experiment to measure the Charge to Mass Ratio of Electrons 1. The method proposed here is similar to that used by J. J. Thomson in 1897. Electrons in an evacuated tube (a â€Å"cathode ray tube†) are sent towards a region of space where there are electric and magnetic fields at 90 ° to each other. If the field strengths have a particular ratio then charged particles can pass through them undeflected. | | | 2. In the following analysis | | | V = voltage accelerating the electrons and producing the electric field between the plates| | v = speed of the electrons| | m = mass of one electron and e = charge on one electron| | E = electric field strength (E = where d = distance between plates)| | B = magnetic flux density| 3. If the electrons pass undeflected (magnitude of electric force equal to magnitude of magnetic force), then it can easily be shown that | 4. To find the speed of the electrons, remember that during acceleration the electrons are losing electric P. E. and gaining K. E. | | E. P. E. lost = K. E. gained| eV = 5. Therefore, | | | 6. Combining equations 1 and 2 to eliminate v gives, | | | | 7. Thus, using his experimental apparatus, Thomson was able to determine the charge-to-mass ratio of the electron. Today, the accepted value of is C kg-1. Atomic Structure The Rutherford Model of the Atom 1. In 1911 Rutherford proposed the nuclear model of atomic structure. He suggested that an atom consists of a central nucleus (where most of the mass of the atom is concentrated) having a positive charge, surrounded by moving electrons carrying negative charge. Geiger and Marsden carried out an experiment to verify his proposal. The Geiger/Marsden a Particle Scattering Experiment 1. The apparatus is illustrated in the diagram below. | 2. The apparatus was in an evacuated container. The detector was a ZnS screen observed through a low power microscope. Each time an alpha particle hit the screen, a small flash of light was produced. 3. The detector was mounted on a support such that it could be rotated to measure the angular deflection of the alpha particles as they passed through a very thin sheet of gold. They measured the numbers of particles deflected through various angles. 4. It was found that most of ? particles pass through the gold undeflected; only a relatively small number are deflected (scattered). 5. Their results were considered to confirm Rutherford’s model and allowed them to estimate the size of the nucleus (greater than 10-14m) and the size of the atom (greater than10-10m), thus producing the slightly surprising conclusion the most of the space occupied by an atom is empty space! Closest Approach of an Alpha Particle to a Nucleus 1. For a given speed of alpha particle, the closest approach to a nucleus, rmin, will occur when the initial direction of motion of the particle is along the line joining the centers of particle and nucleus. 2. In this case, at the point of closest approach, the speed of the particle is zero. 3. As the particle approaches the nucleus, kinetic energy is being converted to electrical potential energy. K. E. lost = E. P. E. gained| 4. Electrical potential at a distance r from a point charge Q is given by | 5. For a nucleus of atomic number Z, the charge is Ze, where e is the magnitude of the charge on one proton (the same as the magnitude of the charge on an electron). 6. The magnitude of the charge on an alpha particle is 2e 7. Therefore, the energy, w, possessed by an alpha particle placed at distance, rmin, from a charge Ze is given by | 8. So, we have | which gives | Millikan’s Experiment to Measure the Charge on one Electron 1. The diagram below is a very simplified representation of Millikan’s apparatus. | 2. Small drops of oil were allowed to fall into a region between two metal plates, (the top plate had a hole in it). 3. Some of the drops became charged by friction. Further ionization was caused by a beam of x rays. 4. Millikan measured the terminal speed of a drop as it fell through the air, with V = 0. From this he could calculate the radius of the drop (and hence it’s mass). He then applied a voltage, V, to the plates and measured the new terminal speed of the same drop. 5. The change in the terminal speed of the drop was used to calculate the magnitude of the charge on the drop. 6. When many measurements had been done, all the charges were found to be integral multiples of a basic unit of charge, assumed to be the charge on one electron. 7. The value, e, is approximately -1. 6? 10-19 C. 8. A simplified version of Millikan’s experiment can be done by finding the voltage needed to just hold an oil drop stationary between the two plates. 9. Consider a drop having a charge q and mass m. | 10. If the drop is stationary, then the two forces acting on it have equal magnitudes. where E is the field strength. 11. Now, , where d is the distance between the plates, Therefore The Electron Volt (eV) 1. The electron Volt is a unit of work (or energy) much smaller than the Joule. 2. If 1electron moves through a potential difference of 1V then 1eV of work is done. Relation between the Joule and the electron Volt 1. Potential difference is work done per unit charge so, . 1 J is the work done when 1C moves through a p. d. of 1V. 2. The charge on one electron is -1. 6? 10-19 C. 3. Therefore 1eV is the work done when 1 ·6? 10-19C moves through a p. d. of 1V. This means that . 4. To convert energy in J to energy in eV, Experiment to measure the Charge to Mass Ratio of Electrons 1. The method proposed here is similar to that used by J. J. Thomson in 1897. Electrons in an evacuated tube (a â€Å"cathode ray tube†) are sent towards a region of space where there are electric and magnetic fields at 90 ° to each other. If the field strengths have a particular ratio then charged particles can pass through them undeflected. | | | 2. In the following analysis | | | V = voltage accelerating the electrons and producing the electric field between the plates| | v = speed of the electrons| | m = mass of one electron and e = charge on one electron| | E = electric field strength (E = where d = distance between plates)| | B = magnetic flux density| 3. If the electrons pass undeflected (magnitude of electric force equal to magnitude of magnetic force), then it can easily be shown that | 4. To find the speed of the electrons, remember that during acceleration the electrons are losing electric P. E. and gaining K. E. | | E. P. E. lost = K. E. gained| eV = 5. Therefore, | | | 6. Combining equations 1 and 2 to eliminate v gives, | | | | 7. Thus, using his experimental apparatus, Thomson was able to determine the charge-to-mass ratio of the electron. Today, the accepted value of is C kg-1.

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